Custody Considerations in California
Generally, there are two types of custody that a court will award as follows:
Legal custody involves the right to be a part of the decision-making of a child’s health, safety and welfare. Some of the typical decisions that a person with legal custody must make include healthcare, education, extracurricular activities, and more. Courts may grant legal custody to one or both parties. Sole legal custody occurs when the court provides one parent with the legal authority to make decisions regarding the child’s health, safety and welfare. Shared or joint legal custody involves the court granting legal custody to both parents in a case. In these circumstances both parents have an equal right to make decisions about the child and must petition the court if a dispute arises and the parties cannot agree. Where there is an order of joint legal custody and a parent fails to share in the decision-making process, such may be grounds to change custody from joint to sole legal custody.
Physical custody is the court’s power to grant one or both parties the right to spend time with the children. Depending on the child’s age and location in relation to the parents, and the conduct of the parents, the court may grant primary physical custody to one parent while the other has visitation, or the court may grant shared or joint physical custody where both parents spend an equal amount of custody time with a child. The courts do not favor sole or joint custody over the other, rather they look to the best interest of the child in the given set of circumstances.
Modifications of Child Custody. In many cases, there are changes that occur that result in the need to modify a custody order or agreement. If the parties cannot agree on the changes that must be made, the parties must petition the court for a ruling. Depending on whether there is a final or permanent order, the court will require the party seeking to change or modify custody to show a substantial change of circumstances. However, under some circumstances, the party seeking to change or modify custody only needs to show that it is in the best interest of the child to change custody. The court will look at a number of custody factors to determine how an order must be changed to serve the best interests of a child, including the health, safety and welfare of the child, any history of abuse, the relationship of the child to the parents, the ability of the parent to co-parent, the nature and amount of contact the parent has with the child, and any substance abuse.
Parent Relocation (“Move-Away” Cases) Sometimes, parents wish to move to another county, city, state or country. A parent has a constitutional right to relocate, however that does not mean a parent has a right to relocate a child without the consent of the other parent. When a parent decides to move, he or she must think about all of the implications that a move can have, especially on a current custody order. In California, parents must obtain the court’s permission prior to relocating if they are planning to take any children with them. Move-away cases can become very complex as there are a number of factors the court will consider to determine what is in the best interest of the child and whether a move will cause detriment to the child. The Knez Law Group has worked with both the non-relocating parent and the relocating parent to preserve custody and/or visitation rights when a move-away is involved.